Good luck on your final exam. The final has 75 questions so please study for the exam. The final exam includes information from both semesters. The information has been posted on this blog all year and is available for studying.
Thank you Mr. Cunningham for being a great host US History co-teacher. Mr. Cunningham pointed out correctly that Microsoft was found in violation of the anti-trust law-I was mistaken. |
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President Ronald Reagan: 1980-1088
Republican former governor of California. considered "Great Communicator" Said, "Government is the problem"-Individuals should have control over their lives. Economy of the 1970's had runaway inflation and large government programs. Reaganomics: "Trickle Down Economics"- If the wealthy and big business have more control of their money, it will trickle down to the rest of the people through job creation and private spending. Reagan said "It's morning again in America" with his election. SDI-Strategic Defense Initiative-"Star Wars" The US will develop a missile intervention system that will shoot down Soviet nuclear missiles before they reach America. Nancy Reagan started an anti-drug use campaign called "Just Say No" Mikhail Gorbachev was the Soviet premier leader. 1985-Glastnost-Openess to the western countries. Perestroika-Restructuring Soviet political and economc system from socialism to more capitalism. 1991-USSR dissolves Commonwealth of Independent States CIS created to take its place. 1988-George H.W. Bush elected Tinnamen Square in China was site of student led rally to demand greater freedoms for the people. Government cracks down, sends in tanks, shoots or arrests dissenters. 1st Gulf War called Desert Storm and started in response to the Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait, ending with his army defeated and pushed back to Iraq. |
Disco music was an escape and release from the pressures of society.
Saturday Night Fever was a movie that exposed this music genre to the rest of the country. Smoking gun-tape recorded conversations between President Nixon and his top aids-June 23, 1972 Recordings reveal that Nixon knew about Watergate and instructs a cover up. Abortion becomes legal with the Supreme Court case Roe vs. Wade-1975 1975-Saigon, Vietnam falls. Milliken vs. Bradley-Cannot bus students across district boundaries for forced integration. 1978-Camp David Peace Accords-President Jimmy Carter brought Anwar Sadat of Egypt and Menachim Begin of Israel to Camp David Retreat in Maryland. Egypt eventually recognized Israel's right to exist. SALT II-Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty was proposed by Carter but not ratified. Malaise Speech-Carter gives a speech on television telling the country that a feeling of malaise has spread across the country due to materialism and lack of sharing. President Ford pardons Nixon so he cannot be prosecuted. Moral Majority-organized religious right. |
Presidential election timeline: D=Democrat R=Republican
1944-FDR D 1945-Truman D (assumed office after FDR's death) 1948-Truman D 1952-Eisenhower R 1956-Eisenhower R 1960-JFK D 1963-LBJ D (assumed office after JFK's death 1964-LBJ D 1968-Nixon R 1972-Nixon R 1974-Ford R (assumed office after Nixon's resignation) 1976-Carter D 1980-Reagan R 1984-Reagan-R 1988-Bush Sr. R 1992-Clinton D 1996-Clinton D 2000-Bush H.W. R 2004-Bush H.W. R 2008-Obama D Nixon Doctrine-Honor existing US obligations but Asian nations could not rely on US for defense. Detente-lessening of tension between nations. OPEC-(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, mainly middle eastern countries) created oil embargo in 1973-1974 to protest U.S. support of Israel. Wheat-U.S. major exporter of wheat to other countries including USSR & China. 1970's Consumer Price Index increased annually 10% per year. Inflation-Price of goods goes up faster than people's incomes. 1970's cost of living tripled. |
1969 through the 1970s
June 1969-Start of Gay rights movement with the protest riot at Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village, New York City. 1970- Kent State riot Environmental Protection Agency First Earth Day-April 22nd World Trade Center completed No fault divorce established in California New English Bible printed using direct translations from Hebrew, Aramaic, & Latin. Beatles release "Let it Be," break up soon after. Apollo 13 Charles Manson convicted Floppy Disk created for transfer of electronic information. 18 yr. olds given the right to vote with Congressional move to create a new Constitutional ammendment. Bar codes for product sales Lt. Cowley convicted for the Mai Li massacre 1971- Microprocessor invented leading the way for electronics product advancement Pentagon Papers-(see previous blog entries) Cigarette advertising banned on television. Indians expelled from Alcatraz Island after forced takeover Attica prison riots in New York Desegregation deemed constitutional by US Supreme Court CAT scan developed School House Rock airs on TV Disney World opens 1972- Nixon visits China Southwest Airlines starts Nixon visits USSR and establishes Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty-to limit nuclear weapons development. |
Richard Nixon was elected president in 1968. He said he had a secret plan to win the Vietnam War. He called this, "Peace with Honor." His plan involved the invasion of neutral Cambodia to stop weapons on the Ho Chi Minh trail. This angered many Americans, refueling the Antiwar movement.
Antiwar activists were protesting in New York City when hard hat construction workers broke up their rally. Nixon called the construction workers the "Silent Majority." End of the "Love Decade" 1969-Charles Manson and his cult committed a series of murders. His cult was extreme counterculture with heavy drug use and brain washing. At a Rolling Stones concert, members of Hell's Angels motorcycle club provided security and killed a concert goer. 1970-At Kent State University, the National Guard was called in to stop student protesters. They fired into the crowd killing 4 student protesters, shocking America. The Weathermen was an extreme counterculture group who used terrorist tactics such as bombings to incite civil unrest. |
The test will be short answer and essay.
Essay questions will be: Why did the U.S. go to war in Vietnam? What was life like for the combat soldier in Vietnam? Why did America turn against the war? |
Ho Chi Minh-leader of Vietnams' drive for independence. He was labled a communist by the US government.
In order to secure French support for NATO, the US finances France's attempt to reestablish their colony. 1954 Dien Bien Phu-French utterly defeated leads to withdrawal of French forces. National elections-1957 unify country US forces elections to be called off because Ho Chi Minh would win. Country partitioned-Ho Chi Minh & Viet Cong start guerrilla war in the south. US sends advisors to South Vietnam. Gulf on Tonkin-US claims North Vietnamese military boats fires on US naval ship in international water in the Gulf of Tonkin. |
Race for space between USSR and US
1957-USSR launches Sputnik-1st satellite 1958-Jan.-US launches its first satellite Oct.-Eisenhower establishes National Aeronautics and Space Administration-NASA 1959-The Mercury Seven astronauts were selected including John, Glenn, Alan Shepard, Gus Grissom May 1961-Alan Shepard becomes 1st American in space. (USSR did it in April-Yuri Gragarin-1st man in space). May 1961-President Kennedy issues challenge to nation-to send a man to the moon and return safely to earth. Nov. 22, 1963-Kennedy assassinated in Dallas. 1965-1st American spacewalk. 1967-Three astronauts die in launch pad fire in Apollo 1-Gues Grissom, Ed White, Roger Chaffee. Dec. 1968-Apollo 8 orbits the moon-Jim Lovell, Frank Boerman, William Anders. July 30, 1969-Apollo 11 lands on the moon. Neil Armstrong is the 1st man on the moon-Buzz Aldrin 2nd man on the moon. Michael Collins orbits moon in return vehicle. |
Test on block
Atomic bomb: August 1945-Hiroshima & Nagasaki Robert Oppenheimer led Manhattan Project-top secret plan to create the atomic bomb during WWII. Edwin Teller led the project to build the hydrogen bomb-"super bomb" 1947-Marshall Plan announced 1949-North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Soviets explode first atomic bomb. 1950-Joe McCarthy begins communist witch hunt "McCarthyism" red scare. House UnAmerican Activities Committee. June-Korean war begins 1953-Rosenbergs executed July-Korean War ends 1954-Vietnam divided at 17th parallel 1955-Warsaw Pact formed 1957-Sputnik launched 1959-Cuba taken over by Castro Kruschev visits US 1960-Francis Gary Powers' U-2 spyplane shot down over USSR. Arms Race-1945-1991 Missle gap Bomber gap |
1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott-Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man on a segregated bus. She was arrested, and in protest the bus boycott was started by the African-American community. Martin Luther King Jr. became the defacto leader of the civil rights movement after successfully leading the boycott with organized carpools, and walks. After a year of boycott, the Montgomery bus system was almost bankrupt and allowed desegregation of the busses.
1957 Little Rock Arkansas school desegregation. After 3 years from when the Supreme Court Ruled that segregated schools are unconstitutional, the Little Rock school system was still not desegregated. Arkansas Governor Oral Faubus refused to allow integration and sent in the National Guard. President Eisenhower met with Faubus who removed the National Guard leaving mob rule. Eisenhower orders the 101st Airborne to Little Rock to protect the African American students integrating the high school. Daisy Bates worked with the students to provide a safe journey to school. Schools shut down instead of complying with desgregation-started private schools for white students only. 1960-Sit ins "non-violent direct action"-not be aggressive, take action nonviolently. First sit in-Greensboro, North Carolina Organized action group: NAACP-National Association for the Advancement of Colored People CORE-Congress of Racial Equality SNCC-Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee SCLC-Southern Christian Leadership Conference Music instruments from Africa: drum, banjo, guitar African American inspired music genres: Jazz, Ragtime, Blues Blues topics-girls, death, work, boss, poverty Inspires Rock & Roll (originally called race music) |
Women had expected rigid roles in the 1950's, with the husband's needs and demands being first (the problem that has no name-"the silent question"). Betty Friedan wrote the Feminine Mystique which described women's dissatisfaction with their expected rigid roles.
African-American civil rights: Jim Crowe laws in the south separated blacks and whites. It kept them in virtual slavery in the south. Plessy vs. Ferguson (1898) which was a Supreme Court ruling the said it is constitutional to have "separate but equal" for blacks and whites. Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education (1954) was a Supreme court ruling that said "separate but equal" is inherently unequal, thus unconstitutional. Dwight Eisenhower-President 1952-1960 "Great Migration" refers to the migration of African Americans from the rural south to urban centers in the north and California. "Blockbusting"-practice of only selling property to blacks in a certain area of the city. Fosters "white flight" creating a ghetto. NAACP-National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Emmit Till-(1955) 14 year old African-American boy from Chicago who was lynched in Mississippi when visiting his great uncle. |
There will be a quiz Tuesday about the main characters and 1950's theme of the movie Rebel Without a Cause.
Jim-Looking for his father to be strong and provide strong male guidance. Jim perceives his father to be weak and conforming-confusing gender roles. He wants his father to stand up to his mother. Judy-Looks for attention from her father but feels ignored. She thinks that her father perceives her as a tramp. She is looking for a strong male figure which she perceives to be the rebellious bad boys such as Buzz and Jim. Plato-Abandoned by his parents to the housekeeper. Parents are divorced. Father out of the picture and only provides alimony. Mother is always on vacation. Plato looks for a strong male figure which he finds in Jim. For the quiz: Rules for teenagers (previous blog) List ways the characters broke the rules. What is the didactic (instuctional lesson) provided by the movie. |
Puppet government-set up by occupying country
Soviet Union-totalitarian dictatorship Cold War-1946-1990 Period of escalating tensions between the "free west"-primarily US, and "communist east"-primarily USSR Characterized by: Arms race-both nuclear and conventional Periodic-"hot wars" and war by proxy Space Race Alliance systems: West-NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) East-Warsaw Pact Strategy of US: Truman Doctrine-by any means necessary, stop the spread of communism by economic and military means. Containment-Domino Theory Marshall Plan-$13 billion of aid to worn torn Europe. Churchill said an Iron Curtain has descended across Europe Berlin Airlift-June 24, 1948-May 12, 1949 USSR blocks access to West Berlin by land. Western powers lead by US airlifts supplies into West Berlin. Rules for Teenagers in the 1950's 1) Don't show unpleasant emotions 2) Obey authority 3) Don't even think about sex 4) Conform, conform, conform Think like everyone else, be like everyone else. |
There will be a WWII quiz on block using some of the terms in the previous post. |
Sept. 1, 1939 official start of WWII with the German Invasion of Poland.
The blitzkreig means "lightening war". An overwhelming attack used by the Germans to create a wedge through the defensive line. Includes tanks, airpower, infantry. Allies: United Kingdom-Winston Churchill Soviet Union-Joseph Stalin Free France-Charles De Gaulle United States-Franklin Delano Roosevelt Axis: Germany-Adolf Hitler Japan-Emporer Hirohito Italy-Benito Mussolini The US plan is for victory in Europe, save Britain, and avoid USSR from leaving the war. 1st Battles of WWII for the US was in North Africa-the underbelly of the German empire. Technology- U Boat (untersee boot-German)-2 engines, electric for underwater and gas(diesel) for top of water and charging battery. Ballast tanks used to rise and dive in water. Torpedoes used to sink ships. Lend Lease Act-#1776 a way to bypass the Neutrality Act in the United States and loan weapons to Great Britain-50 destroyers-"4 stack" 1939-1940 destroyers used to sink submarines. Convoy system used to group Allies' merchant ships and protect them from submarines. Victory gardens-a way for American families to grow food to supplement rationing and leave more for troops. The United States was the Arsenal for Democracy 1942-Allies attack North Africa to prevent Germans from getting oil fields. 1943-Allies attack Sicily to defeat Italy. June 6, 1944-D-Day-Allied invasion of "fortress Europe" at Normandy, France. Dwight Eisenhower Allies commanding general. WWII in the Pacific: Japan attacks Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on Dec. 7th, 1941. US naval station heavily damaged. The US enters WWII. US goal is to retake Japanese fortified islands in an "island hopping campaign towards Japan. Japanese-Americans are sent to internment camps out of fear of sabotage. The internment camps were located in isolated places away from the west coast. Although many of the people interrred were American citizens, they lost all rights and their property, such as their homes. Allies' commanders: Admiral Chester Nimitz-central pacific General Douglas MacArthur-southern pacific US needed bases in range to bomb Japan. US Navy needed carrier and air superiority to win. Timeline to victory- Coral Sea-1942 Midway Island-1942-turning point in war with USA victory Guadacanal-1942-first amphibian landing Tarawa-1943 Saipan-1944 *Iwo Jima- 1945 *Okinawa-1945" |
1st Semester Final Review Attachement |
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Stocks, Bonds, & Real Estate Attachment |
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World War I
Modern weaponry airplanes-used to observe, drop bombs machine gun-massive rate of fire gas-psychological effect. Chemical warfare U-boat-submarine, commerce raider, sink ships tank-overcome battlefield obstacles such as barb wire, trenches. Cessation of hostilities (armistice) 11 Nov. 1918 at 11:00 a.m. Treaty of Versailles (1919)- UK and France wanted to punish Germany for the heavy losses. Germany admits "war guilt" had to pay massive reparations (would have finished in 1980s). Limit army to 100,000 troops. No airforce or u-boats allowed. Allies took a large amount of German territory. De militarized the Rhineland. In America, President Woodrow Wilson created the 14 point plan and League of Nations. The Weimar Republic-democratic government- was established in Germany and lasted 12 years. |
Notes for Progressives and World War I are attached. |
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A preemptive war is justified if:
*US or its allies are threatened by terrorists. *Countries are engaged in the production of weapons of mass destruction, i.e. nuclear, biological, chemical. Unilateralism-The right of the US to go to war alone when acceptable allies cannot be found. Strength beyond challenge-US will take actions necessary to continue its status as the world's sole military superpower. Motives to expand US influence- "Extending democracy, liberty, and security to all. America has no empire to extend or utopia to establish. We wish for others only what we wish for ourselves-safety from violence, the rewards of liberty, and the hope for a better life." Bush, May 2002 |
Imperialism-One country using another for its resources (natural, economic, etc.)
Manifest Destiny-United States expansion from the Pacific to the Atlantic. Monroe Doctrine-1823-U.S. Policy to resist European involvement in the western hemisphere. Sphere of Influence-Favorable terms for the dominant country, usually through manipulation-economic, military. Ihe United States exported democracy, capitalism, ad religion (Christianity). Rudyard Kipling wrote the poem, "White Man's Burden." Open Door Policy-US promoted that every nation can trade freely in China. Boxer Rebellion-1900-A Chinese revolt against all things foreign to China. Push out all foreigners in China. Rough Riders-Teddy Roosevelt created a fighting unit to fight in Cuba during the Spanish American War. The unit reached hero status with the Battle of San Juan Hill-Cuba. Platt Ammendment-Cuban constitution influenced by the U.S. to establish U. S. bases in Cuba-Guantanamo. U. S. also guaranteed right to intervene in Cuba. Protectorate-Puerto Rico & Guam, part of the U.S. but not a state. Roosevelt Corollary-Use any means necessary to protect U.S. interests in western hemisphere. Dollar Diplomacy-Use of money to influence foreign policy in foreign countries. Yellow Journalism-Sensational stories in the press to increase readership. |
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